Nearly 60 years ago, Pamela Lewis, a geneticist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, noticed that some of the flies she was experimenting on had tiny comb-like structures on their second and third pairs of legs, and not
just the first pair as is usual.

Lewis called these structures ‘sex-combs‘ because males use them to grasp
females during mating and she went on to discover the first Polycomb gene,
one of many such genes now known to encode proteins that disrupt headto-
tail body patterning in a variety of animals, ranging from humans to fruit
flies to worms.

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